Hi folks, I had a very pleasent weekend spent in front of some COM-related literature. Now I'm confused. I hope you can enlighten me. 1. This is about binary composition. I read the the corresponding chapter in Don Box's book and got puzzled a bit. Now that I have read it for the x-th time I think I finally understand the concept of the inner and the outer IUnknown implementation. When I proceeded to chapter "standard marshaling architecture" I got tripped over the statement: "The IRpcProxyBuffer interface must be the nondelegating unknown of the interface proxy. All other interfaces the proxy exposes must delegate their IUnknown methods to the proxy manager." (p. 223). Isn't there a contradiction to the statement in chapter "binary composition" that says that the outer object must ask for an IUnknown interface pointer of the aggregated object? And why should the IRpcProxyBuffer interface pointer of the proxy object have nondelegating versions of the IUnknown methods? As I understand life-time management of the aggregated object can be accomplished by the initalially derived IUnknown pointer of the inner object. Stuart
