Turns out the Find, RemoveByKey, and the optional form of indexing using a stirng key with MenuStrip.Items["key"] ... all depend on having a string which duplicates/matches the Name of the ToolStripMenuItem. By setting the Name property of each created ToolStripMenuItem object to its Text property, I can then delete them okay. I had been assuming, incorrectly, that because I was doing the deleting inside the Form_Closing event of a top-level window by enumerating the Application.OpenForms collection that THAT context was what was complicating what I was trying to do in some way ... even though I knew I was carefully only deleting the menu item on other Forms than the one whose Form_Closing event was being called. Live and learn :) thanks, Bill